Portable hand-driven turning lathe



July 20 1926, 1,592,914

w. D. VERSCHOYLE PORTABLE ,HAND DRIVEN TURNING LATHE v Fi ld Jan. 24. 19:24 2 sheets she6t 1 I nuenfor. W12

Jul '20-, 1926.

W. D. VERSCHOYLE PORTABLE HAND DRIVEN TURNING LATHE Filed Jan. 24 1924 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Patented July 20, 1926.

UNITED STATES WILLIAM DENHAM VERSCI-IOYLE, OF TANRAGO, BALLISODARE, IRELAND.

PORTABLE HAND-DRIVEN TURNING LATHE.

Application filed January 24, 1924, Serial No. 688,155, and in Great Britain February 6, 1923.

This invention relates to portable, selfcontained, hand-driven turning-lathes of the kind set forth in the specifications of my prior Britsh Letters Patent Nos. 8,750, of 1908, and 5,594, of 1909, and has for its object so to improve the construction of such lathes as to extend considerably their range of usefulness without material increase in the cost of their manufacture.

In the constructions set forth in the specifications referred to, the bed-bar whereon the head-stock, the tail-stock, and the toolrest were mounted, was illustrated and described as of square cross-section, no means being provided for eliecting mutual adjustment of the relative alignment of the axes of the driving and tail-stock spindles. According to the present invention, the bedbar is supported rotatably in sockets adapted to be clamped or otherwise fixed to a bench or similar support, means being provided for fixing the bed-bar," which is preferable of circular cross-section, in said sockets. Of these sockets one may be integral with the head-stock, whereas the tail-stock and the tool-rest are carried by and adapted to be clamped upon the bedbar so as to be adjustable not only lengthwise thereof but also angularly about the axis of the bed-bar. As a result of this arrangement, the axis of the tailstock spindle can either be brought into alignment with the axis of the driving-spindle, or can be swung, and if necessary set, eccentrically with reference thereto so as to permit of a boring-tool or the like mounted on the tailstock spindle being adjusted radially of the driving-spindle axis; whilst lengthwise movement of the tail-stock spindle through its bearing in the tail-stock enables such a tool, during working, to be advanced towards and retracted from the head-stock, as may be required, through a distance which may be determined by stops.

The invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein Figure 1 is a front elevation of one example of the improved lathe as adapted for operating on wood and other materials requiring a substantially similar turning speed. Figure 2 is an end elevation of the same viewed from the left-hand or driving end; whilst Figure 3 is a section on line 33 of Figure 1, looking towards the tailstock. Figure 4 is a plan view of a boringtool shown in Figure 1 as fixed on one end of the tail-stock spindle; whilst Figures 5 and 6 are respectively side and face views of a tool-chuck adapted to be mounted on the other end of the same spindle or on the driving-spindle.

A is the head stock; B the tail-stock; the bed-bar and D the tool-rest; these reference letters indicating the respective parts each as a whole. The head-stock A is formed in one with a clamping-bracket 11 adapted to be secured, by means of a setscrew 12, upon the edge of a bench or similar support E which is indicated in dot-and dash lines in Figure 1, 2- and 3; whilst the head-stock is provided at 13 with a socket for the support of one end of the bed-bar C, whereof the other end is similarly supported in a socket 14 provided on a clamping-bracket 15 adapted to be secured, by means of a set-screw16, upon the edge of the same bench or table.

The bed-bar C is of circular cross-section, being constituted by a plain round bar which fits accurately in the cylindrical sockets l3 and14, in each of which the bar is rotatable but is normally secured, in the case of the socket 13 by means of a. set-screw 17, and in that of the socket 14 by means of one or both of a pair of set-screws 18 arranged side-by-side as indicated. The bed-bar C may be of any desired length; but in order to obviate the necessity of using, when operating on comparatively short work-pieces a bed-bar of relatively excessive length, the bar may be supplied in sections all of which are of identical cylindrical cross-section; that section which is attached directly to the head-stock A being of only sufiicient length to suit work-pieces of normal length, whilst an additional section or sections may be added as required for workpieces of greater length. For this purpose the socket 14 of the clamping-bracket 15 is made long enough to receive the mutually-abutting ends of two adjacent sections C and C respectively secured by the two set-screws 18 (see Figure 1), the other end of the additional section C being supported by a duplicate clamping-bracket l5 fixed to the support E by means of a set-screw 16 and having a socket 14 wherein the end of this additional section is secured by means of one or both of a pair of set screws 18 By such means, as will be obvious, any deits length near the too-lrest D, any tendency v of the bed-bar to spring under the stress due to contact of the tool with the work may be effectually prevented.

The head-stock A is formed with a long cylindrical bearing 19 in which the driving spindle-20 is journaljled, this spindle being positioned lengthwise of the bearing, on the one hand by means of a split collar 21 clamped upon the spindle beyond the lefthand endof the bearing, and on theother hand by means of a. ball-race 22 interposed so as to'constitute a thrust-bearing between the righthand end of the bearing and a flywheel 23 (which may be in the form of a chuck) which is made permanently fast on the spindle by means, for example, of a cross-pin or cotter 2.3. The left-hand end of thedriving-spindle 20, beyond the collar 21, has a circular set of pinion-teeth 24 out upon its periphery, these teeth being en gaged by a ring, of internal gear-teeth 25 formed on the inner periphery of a circular flange 26 projecting from one face of a disc wheel 27 which is mounted to rotate on a stud 28 this stud, whereof the axis is parallel with that of the bed-bar C and driving-spindle 20, being inserted in a socket in the head-stock and fixed therein by any suitable means. The wheel 27 is adapted to be manually driven by means of a crank-handle 29 carried by an arm 30 attached eccentrically to the wheel by a set-screw 31, the e-fiective radius of the crank-handle with reference to the axis of the wheel 27 being adjustable so as to permit of the drivingpower transmitted to the driving-spindle 20 being varied at will. For this purpose, in the example illustrated, the arm 30 and wheel. 27' each present, concentrically with the set-screw 31, one member of a circularly-adjustable dog-clutch 32 whereof the respective members are adapted to interlock mutually in any one of a number of dit ferent angular positions and to be fixed therein by tightening the set-screw 31; angular adjustment of the arm 30 about the axis of this set-screw having for eiiect to vary, between a minimum and the maximum shown in Figures 1 and 2, the effective radius. oi the crank-handle 29 relatively to the axis. of the wheel 27.

The flywheel-chuck 23 is shown as a disc or face-chuck provided with a series oi-independent,v reversible, stepped gripping-dogs 33 (in the example illustrated, four in number) each of which is adjustable radially of thedriving-spindle axis by means of radially-extending screws 34 in the usual manner 01. such devices; each dog 33 being slidable in an undercut radial groove (not shown) in the face of the chuck. The inner end of the driving-spindle 20 is adapted to carry a coned pivot 35 for the support of the corresponding end of the work-piece when so required, the pivot 35 being threaded to screw into a correspondinglythreaded socket in the end of the spindle 20.

The tail-stock B has a cylindrical socket 36 adapted to fit slidably on the bed-bar C, and split and furnished with a clampingscrew 37 whereby it may be secured to the bed-bar; rotation of the socket about the bed-bar being prevented by a key 38 received between the jaws of the split socket and adapted to fit slidably in a key-way 39 which extends throughout the length of the bedbar. The key 38 is shown as secured in position by a pair of small screws 40.

The tail-stock spindle 41 is cylindrical and fitted to slide through, but without turning in, a cylindrical bearing 42 on the tailstock B; rotation of the spindle 41 in its bearing being prevented by the engagement, with a key-way 43 which extends throughout the length of the spindle, of a key 44 housed in arecess at the inner end of the bearing 42 and fixed therein by means of a small screw as shown. The spindle 41 can at will be held against longitudinal displacement relatively to its bearing 42, by means of a setscrew 45 furnished with a lever-handle 46 as indicated.

That end of the spindle 41 which in Figure 1 is shown as presented inwards (i. e. towards the head-stock)v is adapted to carry a coned pivot 47 for the support of the corresponding end of the workpiece when so required, the pivot 47 being threaded to screw into a correspondingly-threaded socket in the end of the spindle 41. The threaded sockets in the driving-spindle 20 and tailstock spindle 41 for the reception of the coned pivots 35 and 47 are similar to one another so that either of said coned pivots can be replaced by a tool-chuck 48 (Figures 5 and 6) having at its base a threaded axial stud 49 adapted to screw into the threaded through threaded holes in the ring 51 being provided for forcing the respective dogs 50 inwards so as to grip the shank of a tool (not shown) which may be inserted between them.

That end of the tail-stock spindle 41 which in Figure 1 is shown as presented outwards, is partially cut away as indicated at 53 to provide a fiat seat for the reception of a cutter 54 which is detachably fixed to the spindle by a screw 55; so that, by reversing the spindle 41 end-for-end and adjusting the angular position of the bedbar C in the socket 13 of the head-stock A in accordance with the requisite eccentricity of the boring-tool 54 relatively to the axis of the driving spindle 20, boring and similar operations (such as internal or external surfacing) can be performed by sliding the splndle 41 lengthwise through its bearing 42. The depth of successive cuts thus made by the tool 54 is regulated by suitably varying the eccentricity of the axis of the bearing 42 relatively to the axis of the driving-spindle 20 (which may be done by rotation of the bed bar C); whilst the length of each internal or boring cut may be accurately determined and limited by means of an adjustable stop constituted by a collar 56 fitting slidablyupon the spindle 41 and adapted to be then fixed thereto, by a set-screw 57, in such position as to encounter the outer end of the bearing 42 when the tool 54 reaches the termination of its cut; this collar 56 being furnished with a circular flange 58 adapted to be grasped by the hand so as to facilitate the manual operation of sliding the spindle 41 to-and-fro through its bearing 42. It will be understood that, for external surfacing operations with a tool such as 54, the driving-spindle 20 (and therefore also the crank-handle 29) must be rotated in a direction opposite to that used for ordinary turning and for internal surfacing or boring.

The tool-rest D comprises a bracket 59 having two cylindrical split sockets 60 and 61 the axes of which are perpendicular to one another in different planes, the one socket 60 being adapted to fit adjustably upon the bed-bar C and to be fixed thereto by tightening a clamping-screw 62, whilst the other socket 61, which is shown in Figures l and 3 as having its axis vertical, serves to hold adjustably a cylindrical post 63 which is adapted to be fixed therein by tightening a clamping-screw 64. The upper end of the post 63 is formed with a pair of transversely-extending jaws 65 provided with clamping-screws 66 whereby to cause the jaws to grip between them a bar 67 serving as the rest for a hand turningtool (not shown) in the usual manner. The bar 67, which is adjustable lengthwise through the jaws, is of key-hole shape in cross-section (see Figure 3), whilst the jaws 65 are of concave profile corresponding with the profile of the rounded portion 68 of the bar, so as to permit such angular adjustment of the bar about the longitudinal axis of said rounded portion as may be necessary, for example, owing to variation in the diameter of the work-piece, or for the purpose of obtaining the best working-position for the manipulation of the hand-tool which for the time being is in use. It will be seen that the tool-rest is capable of several independent adjustments, namely :(a) bodily sliding adjustment lengthwise of the bed-bar C; (b) bodily angular adjustment about the axis of the bed-bar; (a) sliding adjustment of the post 63 lengthwise in the socket 61; (d) angular adjustment of the post 63 about its own axis; (6) sliding adjustment of the restbar 67 lengthwise through the jaws 65; and (f) angular adjustment of the rest-bar about the axis of its rounded portion 68.

lVhere a rest-bar 67 of considerable length is employed, it may be supported by two or more posts such as 63, each of which is adjustably secured to the bed-bar C as already described. In any case the keyhole section gives great stiffness and rigidity to the rest-bar 67.

For the sake of economy in manufacture, the dogs 33 carried by the chuck 23 on the driving spindle 20, the dogs 50 of the toolchuck 48 (Figures 5 and 6), and the restbar 67 of the tool-rest D, are preferably all formed from lengths of the same bar of key-hole shape in cross-section.

The employment of an internal gearwheel as above described, for driving the spindle 20, necessitates the crank-handle 29 being rotated towards the operator (i. clockwise as viewed from the left-hand end of the lathe) during ordinary turning operations, but obviously any mechanical equivalent may be used if it be preferred that the crank-handle should be adapted to turn in the contrary direction during such operations.

I claim 1. A portable, self-contained, handdriven turning-lathe, comprising a plurality of brackets provlded with clamps for securing the respective brackets to a bench,

each of said brackets being provided with a socket, a round bed-bar adapted to fit in said sockets to be supported by said brackets, a head-stock mounted upon one of said brackets and provided with a spindle adapted to be manually rotated, a tail-stock slidably mounted upon and adapted to be secured to said bed-bar, said tail-stock being keyed to said bed-bar, whereby the angular position of the tail-stock spindle may be adjusted relative to the axis of the head-stock spindle by angular adjustment of said bed bar, and means for securing said bed-bar in said sockets in any adjusted position.

.2. The turning-lathe as claimed in claim 1, in which said tail-stock spindle is reversablymounted in the tail-stock and one end thereof is provided With a boring tool, adapted to be angularly adjusted relative to the axis of said head-stock spindle by the angular adjustment of said bed-bar.

3. The turning-lathe as claimed in claim 1 in which said bed-bar is made up of a plurality of short length bars entering the sockets of and supported by said plurality of clamp brackets, said brackets being secured to the bench in proper spaced relation and Withthe sockets thereof in alignment,

and means is provided for securing the respective bed-bar lengths in said sockets.

4 The turning-lathe as claimed in claim 1, in which a tool-rest is mounted upon said bed-bar for longitudinal and angular adjustrnent relative thereto, said. toolrest being provided with an adjustable tool post having clamping jaws at its upper end in which a hand-tool support is mounted for longitudinal adjustment transversely of said post and for angular adjustment transversely of the plane of the support, whereby the position of the hand-tool support relative to said bed-bar and to the axis of the head-stock spindle may be varied.

. WILLIAM DENHAM VERSCHOYLE. 

